Sweden

In the Youth Policy Letter (2020/21), the government reports on youth issues related to health, education, work, crime and exposure to crime, housing, leisure, sports and cultural activities. The letter also contains an Action Programme (2021-2024), which presents four new priorities for youth policy.

Published on October 4, 2023
Updated on February 20, 2024

Definition of youth

The Youth Policy Bill (2014) and the Youth Policy Letter (2020/21) define youth as those between 13 and 25 years of age.

Definition 1
13 - 25 years

Source: Youth Policy Bill 2014

Definition 2

Voting Rights

Majority age
18 years
Voting age
18 years
Criminal responsibility
15 years

Candidacy age

Lower House
18 years
Upper House
--- (unicameral)
President
--- (tbc)

Marriage & Gender

Without parental consent
Female
18 years
Male
18 years
With parental consent
Female
18 years
Male
18 years

Source: UNSD, UNDESA, ILGA

Is same-sex marriage legalized?
Female
Yes
Male
Yes

Source: UNSD, UNDESA, ILGA

Are other genders recognised?
Yes
compulsory medical diagnosis

Policy & Legislation

Is there a national youth policy?
Yes

The Youth Policy Bill "With a Focus on Young People - a policy for good living conditions, power and influence" (2014) provides the overarching goal of youth policy that all young people should have good living conditions, power to shape their lives, and influence over societal development.

In the Youth Policy Letter (2020/21), the government reports on youth issues related to health, education, work, crime and exposure to crime, housing, leisure, sports and cultural activities. The letter also contains an Action Programme (2021-2024), which presents four new priorities for youth policy: mental health; social inclusion and establishment in the labour market; meaningful leisure time; and involvement in the building of society. The Action Programme includes over 100 initiatives that aim to create the conditions to achieve the goal set out in the 2014 Youth Policy Bill.

Public Institutions

Is there a governmental authority that is primarily responsible for youth?
Yes

"TheMinistry of Health and Social Affairs took over responsibility for youth policy from the Ministry of Culture in 2022. According to the EU Youth Wiki, the Division for Health and Civil Society within the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs is tasked with the coordination and development of youth policy issues, including cross-sectoral youth policy objectives and follow-up of youth policy. The ministry also oversees the development and conditions of youth organisations, as well as international cooperation on youth policy issues.

The Swedish Agency for Youth and Civil Society (MUCF), also overseen by the Division for Health and Civil Society, ensures that the objectives of youth policy and of civil society policy are achieved. Further, the agency produces research on the situation of youth in Sweden and aids in the development of youth policy at the municipal, national and international level."

Youth & Representation

Does the country have a national youth organization or association?
Yes

The National Council of Swedish Youth Organisations (LSU) is an interest and cooperation organisation that brings together 85 national children's and youth organisations in Sweden. According to their website, their task is "to strengthen the democratic organisation of young people with human rights as a starting point." According to the Country Sheet on Youth Policy in Sweden (2020), LSU is customarily appointed as a referral body for proposals affecting young people. It also appoints youth representatives to international, high-level meetings and committees, largely within the UN and EU. LSU is a full member of the European Youth Forum.

Youth work

Is youth work a formally recognised profession?
Unclear

According to the Country Sheet on Youth Work in Sweden (2018), "In Swedish national youth policy, the concept of youth work is almost non-existent. Instead, a related concept is used, namely meaningful leisure activities (meningsfull fritid)." Meaningful leisure activities generally refer to membership-based activities in youth organisations and open meeting places for young people, such as youth clubs or recreational centres.

There is no specific legislation that addresses youth work or requirements and standards for youth workers at the national level. Instead, it is up to the local municipalities to decide whether they will consider youth work in their municipal youth policies and how it should be evaluated accordingly. However, there is still a strong tradition in Swedish government for providing grants to youth organisations, which is currently carried out by the Swedish Agency for Youth and Civil Society (MUCF).

Budget & Spending

Does the national youth policy have a dedicated budget?
Yes

According to the Budget Bill for 2021, a total of SEK 344.3 million (USD 32.7 million) will be allocated to youth policy. This includes SEK 51.6 million for the Swedish Agency for Youth and Civil Society (MUCF), SEK 290.6 million for grants for national and international youth activities, and SEK 2 million for special initiatives in youth policy. The Spring Change Budget for 2021 increased the amount allocated to the Swedish Agency for Youth and Civil Society (MUCF) by SEK 30 million (USD 2.8 million). It also allocated SEK 180 million (USD 17 million) to provide aid for youth struggling to find work due to the Covid-19 pandemic.

Contextual Figures

Liberal Democracy Index
899
Youth Progress Index
89.59

Economic Indicators

GDP per capita
$61143.22
Human Development Index
0.947
Gini coefficient
28.9

Additional background

As highlighted by the EU Youth Wiki, youth policy governance is largely affected by the fact that, in Sweden, municipalities have extensive autonomy. Thus, the national youth policy is compulsory for ministries and central government agencies, but only advisory at the municipal level.

According to the Country Sheet on Youth Policy in Sweden (2020), a 2019 survey revealed that only 47% of Swedish municipalities have a youth council, which constitutes a decline since an earlier 2010 study. According to the EU YouthWiki, "the Swedish model is to not force young people's involvement and participation to follow some specific forms of organisation. Instead, national and local governments encourage young people to, out of their own preferences, develop suitable forms for participation."

The Country Sheet on Youth Policy in Sweden (2020) also provides more insight into the situation of youth in Sweden: "Young people in Sweden have in many respects good living conditions, according to the youth policy monitoring system." However, "young foreign-born tend to have a more problematic situation compared to those born in Sweden." This disparity is shown in education, where only 55% of immigrant youth in 2018 were eligible for upper secondary education, compared to 90% of Swedish-born youth. Similarly, "the share of unemployed foreign-born young people (15-24) was 24% of the labour force, compared to 6% among those born in Sweden."

Sources

See all sources (9)